冰蓄冷技術的誕生,是人類能源開發與利用的又一場革命。冰蓄冷利用電網峰谷之間的差異來平衡電網使用效率,用戶投入較低的費用,便保證白天的空調供冷需求。這項技術是上世紀初在美國研制并開始應用,但開始并不普及。直到八十年代世界性的能源危機,冰蓄冷的節能優勢才被世人所矚目,而得到廣泛的推廣使用。日本能源貧乏,冰蓄冷的市場頗好。我國從九十年代開始引進冰蓄冷技術,并被列入國家級火炬計劃,全國現有幾百家單位在使用。其中,重慶啤酒廠半年節約運行費用近百萬元的案例是比較突出的。
空調制冷大市場專家介紹,所謂冰蓄冷空調區別于傳統制冷系統就是多了蓄冷功能。一般制冷系統在夏季開啟后制冷便轉換成冷風走中央空調送入各區域;而冰蓄冷則是在晚上開啟,通過制冰、蓄冰,在白天融冰放冷,達到不開或者少開制冷系統依然能實現供冷的作用。冰蓄冷一般有冰盤管式、封裝式、冰晶式、桶式蓄冰、冰片滑落式。
冰蓄冷的優勢主要體現在利用電價差來實現節省資金、達到供冷要求。實際上國家的電力是處于供應緊張的狀況,有些省市不得不拉閘限電。而電能的發、供、用是同時同步的,發出來的電是不能儲存的。我國電力緊張的城市都是白天電力緊張,晚上電力寬松。夜間的電力都是過剩的晚上沒有用戶用電,發出來的電就白白浪費了。為此國家和各地區就采取了峰谷電價政策,即削峰添谷;核心就是白天用電價格高,晚上用電價格低。
2010年11月,國家發改委等六部委聯合發文,針對電力需求提出了管理和激勵措施,其中就有“將推動并完善峰谷電價制度,鼓勵低谷蓄能”等要求?梢哉f,峰谷電價差價越大,經濟效益越顯著。
同時冰蓄冷空調系統可以減小附屬設備的容量或者功率,減少了設備投資費用。例如在杭州某商務大廈,建筑面積約16萬平米,按照常規需要四臺冷凍機、五組冷卻塔,由于采用冰蓄冷系統,只安裝三臺冷凍機、四組冷卻塔。冰蓄冷空調系統可以用于新建工程,也適合與改擴建工程;原有空調系統不能滿足負荷要求,需要擴大負荷,可以不增加主機,改成冰蓄冷即可。
由杭州龍華環境集成系統有限公司自主研發的整裝式蓄冰設備在實際應用中,經過權威部門認定,比傳統空調節能40%以上,達到國際領先水平。這也為降低費用,全面推開冰蓄冷空調打下良好的基礎。暖通權威專家認為,冰蓄冷空調運用廣泛,有較大的市場潛力,適合賓館飯店、候機、候車廳、體育館、影劇院等。更重要的是冰蓄冷比一般空調系統減少了二氧化碳和煙塵排放量,降低了全球溫室效應,對環保有重大意義。
The birth of ice storage technology is another revolution of energy development and utilization. Ice storage USES the difference between peak and valley of the power grid to balance the efficiency of the power grid. The low cost of the users ensures the demand for air conditioning cooling during the day. The technology was developed and used in the United States at the beginning of the last century, but was not popular at first. It was not until the global energy crisis in the 1980s that the energy-saving advantages of ice storage were noticed by the world and widely used. Japan is energy-poor and has a good ice-storage market. China began to introduce ice storage technology in the 1990s, and has been included in the national torch program, there are hundreds of units in use. Among them, chongqing brewery half a year to save operating costs of nearly one million yuan case is relatively outstanding.
The air conditioning refrigeration big market expert introduction, the so-called ice cold storage air conditioning is different from the traditional refrigeration system is more cold storage function. General refrigeration system in summer after the opening of refrigeration will be converted into a cold air through the central air conditioning into each area; Ice storage is opened at night, through making ice, ice storage, melting ice in the daytime cooling, achieve not open or less open refrigeration system can still achieve the role of cooling. Ice storage generally has ice coil tube type, encapsulation type, ice crystal type, bucket type ice storage, ice slide type.
The advantages of ice storage are mainly reflected in the use of electricity price difference to save money and meet the cooling requirements. In fact, the country's electricity supply is in a tight situation, some provinces and cities have to switch off power rationing. However, the generation, supply and use of electric energy are synchronous, and the electricity emitted cannot be stored. The city that our country electric power is tight is daytime electric power is tight, electric power is loose at night. Electricity at night is a surplus. There is no consumer electricity at night. For this reason the country and each area adopted peak valley electricity price policy, namely cut peak add valley; The core is that electricity prices are high during the day and low at night.
In November 2010, six ministries and commissions, including the National Development and Reform Commission, jointly issued a paper proposing management and incentive measures for electricity demand, including the requirement that "we will promote and improve the peak and valley electricity price system and encourage energy storage in the valley". Can say, peak valley price difference is bigger, economic benefit is more significant.
At the same time, the ice storage air conditioning system can reduce the capacity or power of the auxiliary equipment and reduce the equipment investment cost. For example, in a business building in hangzhou, the building area is about 160,000 square meters. According to the general requirements, four refrigerators and five sets of cooling towers are needed. Due to the use of ice storage system, only three refrigerators and four sets of cooling towers are installed. Ice storage air conditioning system can be used in new projects, also suitable for renovation and expansion projects; The original air conditioning system can not meet the load requirements, need to expand the load, can not increase the host, change into ice storage.
The integrated ice storage equipment independently developed by hangzhou longhua environmental integration system co., LTD has been confirmed by the authorities to be more than 40% more energy efficient than traditional air conditioners in practical application, reaching the international leading level. It also lays a good foundation for reducing the cost and pushing forward the ice storage air conditioner. Hvac authority experts believe that ice storage air conditioning is widely used, has greater market potential, suitable for hotels, waiting rooms, waiting rooms, stadiums, theaters, etc. More importantly, compared with the general air conditioning system, ice storage reduces carbon dioxide and soot emissions, reduces global greenhouse effect, and is of great significance to environmental protection.